A study of ambiguity in contemporary poetry (The poem "Rasail al-Imam al-Shafi'i" by Abdul Wahab al-Bayati" by Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayati as a model)
خوانشی بر ابهام در شعر معاصر )با تکیه بر قصیدهی «رسائل الی الامام الشافعی» اثر عبدالوهاب البیاتی
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36586/jcl.2.2023.0.48.0236Keywords:
artistic ambiguity, al-Bayati, polysemy, Imam Shafi'iAbstract
Poetry, as one of the branches of art, follows the general rules of art aesthetics, and ambiguity is one of its essential elements, which is considered an attractive factor and an aesthetic criterion in poetry criticism. In this sense, ambiguity is understood as a phenomenon that evokes certain types of reading and understanding in the text. Uncertainty, polysemy and openness of meaning are the characteristics of ambiguous literary text. In this research, after studying the history, concept and function of ambiguity in contemporary Arabic poetry, we have analyzed this phenomenon in the ode "Rasail al-Imam al-Shafi'i" by Abdul Wahab al-Bayati. From the findings of the research, which was carried out in a descriptive analytical way, it was found that artistic ambiguity is a prominent feature of original poetic works, but trying to organize or regularize it is difficult or impossible because multiple readings of an ambiguous text do not necessarily lead to a complete and accurate understanding, but rather Our taste is affected by the fields of our awareness and mental perceptions. We also found that Bayati's poetry has a level of artistic ambiguity that has emerged in the context of new interpretation techniques such as symbolism, mask, myth and intertextuality, and by deepening the poetic experience, it has made his poetic style lasting and effective.
چکیده
شعر به مثابه یکی از شاخههای هنر از قوانین کلی زیباییشناسی هنر تبعیت میکند و ابهام یکی از عناصر ضروری آن است که عامل جاذبه و معیار زیباییشناختی در نقد شعر تلقی میشود؛ در این مفهوم ابهام به عنوان پدیدهای درک میشود که انواع خاصی از خوانش و درک را در متن برمیانگیزد. نبود قطعیت، چندمعنایی و گشودگی معنا از ویژگیهای بارز متن ادبی مبهم است. در این پژوهش ضمن بررسی تاریخچه، مفهوم و کارکرد ابهام در شعر معاصر عربی به تحلیل این پدیده در قصیده «رسائل الی الامام الشافعی» اثر عبدالوهاب البیاتی پرداختهایم. از یافتههای پژوهش که به شیوه تحلیلی توصیفی انجام شد چنین دریافت شد که ابهام هنری ویژگی بارز آثار اصیل شعری است اما تلاش برای مرزبندی یا قاعدهمند کردن آن کاری دشوار یا ناممکن است زیرا خوانشهای متعدد از متن مبهم لزوما به ادراک کامل و دقیق منتهی نمیشود بلکه ذوق ما متاثر از زمینههای آگاهی و دریافتهای ذهنیمان است. همچنین دریافتیم که شعر البیاتی دارای سطحی از ابهام هنری است که در بستر روشهای جدید تعبیر ادبی مانند نمادپردازی، نقاب، اسطوره و بینامتنیت ظهور یافته و با عمق بخشیدن به تجربه شاعرانه باعث ماندگاری و تاثیرگذاری سبک شعری وی شده است.
واژگان کلیدی: ابهام هنری، البیاتی، چند معنایی، امام شافعی
References
Abbas, Abdul Halim (2002), Ihsan Abbas between Heritage and Literary Criticism, Oman: Ministry of Culture.
Abbou, Abdel Qader (2001), the centrality of interpretation in the dialogue of contemporary poetic text, Fikr wa Naqd magazine, No. 40.
Al Habeel, Abdul Rahim Muhammad Abdullah (1990), The Phenomenon of Ambiguity in Arabic Criticism (Master Thesis), Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman.
Al-Atwi, Massad bin Eid (1999), Ambiguity in Arabic Poetry, 2nd edition, Tabuk.
Al-Bayati, Abdel-Wahhab (1993), I was complaining to Stones, 1st edition, Beirut: The Arab Institute for Studies, Publishing and Distribution.
Al-Bayati, Abdel-Wahhab (1995), The Poetical Works of Abdel-Wahhab Al-Bayati, Part 1-2, Beirut: The Arab Institute for Studies and Publishing.
Al-Bayati, Abdel-Wahhab (1999), Cities, Men and Labyrinths, 1st Edition, Beirut: Literary Treasures House.
Al-Bayati, Abdel-Wahhab (1999), Springs of the Sun, The Poetry Biography, Damascus: Dar Al-Farqad.
Al-Jurjani, Abu Bakr Abd al-Qaher bin Abd al-Rahman bin Muhammad (1991), Asrar al-Balaghah, investigation: Mahmoud Shaker Abu Fahr, 1st edition, Cairo: Al-Khanji Library.
Al-Kashani, Abd al-Razzaq (1992), The Dictionary of Sufi Idioms, investigation: Abd al-Aal Shaheen, 1st edition, Cairo: Dar al-Manar.
Al-Khaqani, Hassan (2006), The symbol in al-Bayati's poetry (PhD thesis), University of Kufa.
Al-Khawja, Duraid Yahya (1991), The Poetic Ambiguity in the Modern Arabic Poem, 1st Edition, Homs: Dar Al-Zakira.
Alloush, Said (1985), A Dictionary of Contemporary Literary Terms, Beirut: The Lebanese Book House.
Al-Majali, Jihad Shaher (2008), Studies in Artistic Creativity in Poetry, Visions of Arab Critics in the Light of Psychology, Amman, Jordan: Jaffa Scientific House for Publishing and Distribution.
Al-Maqaleh, Abdulaziz (1985), The Crisis of the Arabic Poem, Beirut: Dar Al-Adab.
Al-Qadi, Arwa (2016), Tears of Alloys, 1st Edition, Beirut: Dar Al-Biruni for Publishing and Distribution.
Al-Safouri, Abd al-Rahman bin Abd al-Salam (1998), Nuzhat al-Majalis and Muntakhab al-Nafa’is, vol. 1-2, Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiya.
Arianpour, Amirhossein (1336), The Origin of Arts, Sadaf, No. 3, p. 13.
Asr, Muhammad Taha (2000), The Concept of Creativity in Critical Thought among the Arabs, 1st edition, Cairo: The World of Books.
Berndt, Frauke; & Koepnick, Lutz P. (2018). Ambiguity in contemporary art and theory. Hamburg: Felix Meiner Verlag.
Empson, William (2000), Seven Patterns of Ambiguity, Editor: Farid, Translator: Sabri Mohamed Hassan Abdel Nabi, Cairo: The Supreme Council for Culture.
Ghosn, Amina (1997), Adonis' Secret Identity, Fosoul, Issue 2.
Hadara, Mostafa (1989), Modernity in Contemporary Literature - Has Its Samer Blown Off, National Guard Magazine, Rabi` al-Akhir issue.
Hernadi, Paul (1989), What is criticism, translated by: Sulafa Hijjawi, 1st edition, Baghdad: General Cultural Affairs House.
Ibn al-Tayyib, Muhammad (2008), The Unity of Existence in Islamic Sufism: In Light of the Unity of Sufism and Its Historicity, Dar al-Tali`ah.
Ibn Manzoor, Jamal al-Din Abi al-Fadl Muhammad (2009), Lisan al-Arab, Amer Ahmad Haidar al-Sheikh (Editor), vol. 1-15, Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiya.
Ismail, Ezz El-Din (2007), Contemporary Arabic Poetry: Its Issues and Its Artistic and Moral Phenomena, Beirut: Dar Al-Awda.
Krieger, Verena. (2018). Modes of Aesthetic Ambiguity in Contemporary Art: Conceptualizing Ambiguity in Art History. (Frauke Berndt & Lutz Koepnick, eds.), Zeitschrift für Ästhetik und Allgemeine Kunstwissenschaft, (16), 59-103.
Owais, Sayed (1978), Letters to Imam Shafi'i, the phenomenon of sending messages to the shrine of Imam Shafi'i, a sociological study, 2nd edition, Cairo: Dar Al Shaya for publication.
Qatous, Bassam Moussa (2001), The Semiotics of Address, Amman, Jordan: Ministry of Culture.
Qazaa, Huda Muhammad Ibrahim (2009), Ambiguity among ancient Arab critics: Hazem Al-Qartajani as a model (Master's thesis), The Hashemite University, Zarqa.
Ramot, Sitanggang. (2016). The Analysis Of Ambiguity Found In Emily Dickinson’s Poems. Universitas HKBP Nommensen.
Read, Herbert Edward. (1951). Collected Essays in Literary Criticism. London: Faber.
Richards, I. A. (1965). The Philosophy of Rhetoric. Oxford University Press.
Saeed, Ali Ahmed (2010), Sufism and Surrealism, 3rd Edition, Beirut: Dar Al Saqi.
Saeed, Ali Ahmed (2012), The Time of Poetry, Beirut: Dar Al Saqi.
Saeed, Ali Ahmed (2017), Introduction to Arabic Poetry, Beirut: Dar Al Saqi.
Salim, Samah Ahmed Helmy (2017), Ambiguity in Palestinian Poetry after 1987 AD (Master's Thesis), The Islamic University of Gaza.
Subhi, Mohiuddin (1987), The Vision in the Poetry of Al-Bayati Mohiuddin Subhi, 1st Edition, Baghdad: General Cultural Affairs House.
Tamer, Zakaria (2005), The Semiotics of the Title: Strength and Significance “The Tigers on the Tenth Day”, Damascus University Journal, Issues 3 and 4, pp. 349-363.
Wahaba, Magdy; And Al Mohandes, Kamel (1984), A Dictionary of Arabic Terms in Language and Literature, 2nd edition, Beirut: Lebanon Library.
Winkler, Susanne; & Klein, Wolfgang. (2010). Dimensionen der Ambiguität. Stuttgart • Weimar: J. B. Metzler.
Zayed, Ali Ashry (2002), On Building the Arabic Poem, Cairo: Ibn Sina Library for Printing and Publishing.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of the College of Languages (JCL)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
