A Comparative Study of Boredom and Hopelessness in Najib Mahfouz's The Beggar and Abbas Maroufi's Symphony of the Dead
بررسی تطبیقی ملال و ناامیدی در رمان گدا اثر نجیب محفوظ و سمفونی مردگان عباس معروفی
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36586/jcl.2.2025.0.52.0285Keywords:
Boredom, despair, hope, The Beggar, Symphony of the Dead., ملال, ناامیدی, امید, رمان گدا, سمفونی مردگان.Abstract
Despair and the lack of a positive and hopeful outlook, along with the destruction of one’s purposeful efforts, are themes that lead to poor mental health. In positive psychology, it is believed that concepts such as despair can lead to various illnesses. This study aims to examine despair in Naguib Mahfouz’s The Beggar and Abbas Maroufi's Symphony of the Dead using an analytical-descriptive approach to examine its impact on the characters’ behaviour, as well as to reveal the prevailing atmosphere in the two novels. The results indicate that the despair and boredom dominating the novels are primarily due to the sick and depressed character of Omar. Economic conditions do not play a significant role in this context, although oppressive conditions are not without influence. In the novel Symphony of the Dead, boredom and despair are symbolic and significant as two fundamental and prominent feelings in the world the author depicts. These feelings often arise due to the pessimistic conditions and the unsatisfactory endings described for the characters and society. The conflict between tradition and modernity in family and society, as well as the outbreak of World War II, are among the reasons for this despair, which manifests in themes such as the description of sorrow, atmospheres filled with despair, boredom in marital and familial relationships, regret, weakness, and incapability.
چکیده
پژوهش حاضر درصدد است به روش تحلیلی -توصیفی ضمن بررسی ناامیدی در رمان گدا اثر نجیب محفوظ و سمفونی مردگان عباس معروفی به بازیابی آن در رفتار شخصیّتهای داستانهای مذکور، بپردازد. نتایج به دست آمده بیانگر آن است که ناامیدی و ملال حاکم و شرایط اقتصادی در این زمینه نقشی نداشتهاند. هرچند شرایط خفقانزده در این میان بیتأثیر نبوده است. در رمان "سمفونی مردگان"، ملال و ناامیدی به عنوان دو احساس اساسی و بارز در جهانی که نویسنده آن را به تصویر میکشد، نمادین و مهم هستند. این دو احساس اغلب به دلیل شرایط بدبینانه و پایان غیرمطلوبی که برای شخصیّتها و جامعه توصیف میشود، به وجود میآیند. تقابل سنت و مدرنیته در خانواده و اجتماع و نیز وقایع جنگ جهانی دوم از دلایل این ناامیدی هستند که در مضامینی چون وصف غم و اندوه، فضای یأسآلود، ملال در روابط زناشویی و خانوادگی، حسرت، ضعف و ناتوانی پدیدار میشود.
References
Books
Ansari, Mansour (2005). Dialogue Democracy. Tehran: Markaz Publications.
Khademian, Fatemeh; Etemadi, Zohreh (2001). Cognitive - Behavioral Therapy for Children: Overcoming Fears and Stresses. Tehran: Apris Publications.
Kierkegaard, Soren (2000). Fear and Trembling. (translated by Khashayar Dehimi). Tehran: Tarh Nou Publications.
Mahfouz, Najib (2001). The Beggar. (translated by Mohammad Dehghan, fourth edition). Tehran: Niloufar Publications.
Marouf, Abbas (2002). Symphony of the Dead (sixty-first edition). Tehran: Qoqnoos Publications.
Mira-Abdini, Hassan (2001). One Hundred Years of Iranian Fiction. Tehran: Cheshme Publications.
Articles and Dissertations
Azhari, Mahboobeh; Salahi-Moghaddam, Soheila (2012). Psychoanalytic Analysis of Characters in the Novel Symphony of the Dead Based on the Teachings of Sigmund Freud and His Students. Contemporary Persian Literature Quarterly, No. 2, Series 4, pp. 1-17.
Etemadnasb, Mehdi (2012). Analysis and Study of Natural Despair from the Perspective of the Quran, Religious Texts, and Scholars and Its Consequences. Environmental Sciences and Geography Quarterly, Volume 1, No. 2, pp. 1-19.
Bahari, Farshad (2009). Comparing the Effect of Hope-Focused Marital Counseling and the Combined Model of Forgiveness and Hope on Interpersonal Cognitive Definitions and Marital Conflicts of Couples Referring to Counseling Centers in Isfahan. PhD Thesis, Counseling Department, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Isfahan.
Hassanzadeh Mirali, Abdullah; Rezavian, Seyyed Razaq (2012). Multiple voices in the novel Symphony of the Dead. Quarterly of Literary Criticism and Stylistics Studies, Volume 8, pp. 11-38.
Arsh Akmal, Shahnaz; Iranzadeh, Nematollah (2011). Dual representation of hope and despair in the novel Cheshmahayshay with emphasis on the thoughts of Gabriel Marcel. Quarterly of Fiction Literature, Volume No. 3, pp. 1-20.
English sources
Snyder, C.R. (1991). Conceptualizing, measuring, and nurturing hope. Journal of Counseling and Development, (1877), 355-360.
Snyder, C.R. (1994). The psychology of hope: You can get there from here. New York: Freepress.
Abbas Dawi Yousef, teaching partners in Ibn al-Wardy's side and Qabusnameh; Comparative Survey, Journal of Key Languages, Baghdad University, No. 49 (2024) 247-264, https://doi.org/10.36586/jcl

Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of the College of Languages (JCL)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.