Sources of Codification and Rules of Inference in the Arabic Language: The Speech of the Arabs in Prose and Poetry

Abstract

This research complements the first part, previously published by Al-Fahdawi (2026), which discussed the sources of the codification and documentation of the Arabic language. In that research, the two most important sources of the codification and documentation of the Arabic language were discussed: the Holy Qur'an and its readings and the Noble Hadith. In the current work, the third source of the Arabic language codification is discussed which is the language of the Arabs in prose and poetry. The methodology of this research required that it be composed of an introduction and a conclusion preceded by two sections: the first is entitled “The Third Source: The Language of the Arabs in Prose and Poetry”, and the second is “Issues Related to Linguistic Hearing among the Arabs”. In the conclusion, the most important results reached by the research are presented. This research has eventually demonstrated that the language of the Arabs, encompassing both prose and poetry, constitutes the most extensive and frequently cited source for the codification of the Arabic language, surpassing the Qur’an and the Hadith in volume terms, due to its rich and diverse nature. Additionally, the study has highlighted key issues related to linguistic hearing (samā‘), including matters of authenticity, transmission, and the standards relied upon by grammarians and linguists. Ultimately, these findings confirm that the living, oral traditions of the Arab tribes were fundamental in shaping and preserving the grammatical and lexical standards of Classical Arabic.