The Appearances of Dâd Letter in Borrowed and Foreign Arabic Words in Ottoman-Turkish Dictionaries

Arapça Alıntı Sözcüklerdeki Dâd (ض) Sesinin Osmanlı Türkçesi-Türkiye Türkçesi Sözlüklerdeki Görünümleri

Authors

  • Manhal Neamat Mohammed Department of Turkish, College of Languages, University of Baghdad

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36586/jcl.2.2026.0.54.0285

Keywords:

Articulation, 'Dâd' Sound, Ottoman-Turkish Dictionaries, Borrowed Words, spelling, Telaffuz, 'Dâd' Sesi, Osmanlı-Türkçe Sözlükler, Alıntı Kelimeler, Yazım

Abstract

The letter Dâd is a unique sound to the Arabic language. For this reason, Arabic is called the language of the letter Dâd. In the earliest studies of Arabic grammar, the Dâd sound always appears fundamental in words, and it has become a subject of debate. The pronunciation of the Dâd sound has always varied among Arabs and Muslims from differentr countires, especially those who use Arabic to read Qur'an. Information resources indicate that the most prominent characteristics of the Dâd sound is the considerable difficulty, due to the ambiguity and controversy, in pronouncing it. This article deals with the pronunciation of the Dâd sound in terms of its origin, and its pronunciation and spelling in loanwords in the Ottoman Turkish language as recorderd in Turkish dictionaries. To idenitfy the borrowed words, two bilingual Turkish-Ottoman Turkish dictionaries were chosen: the Ottoman-Turkish Dictionary of Ismail Parlatir, and Ferit Devellioğlu's Ottoman-Turkish Languages Dictionary. In these two dictionaries, the loanwords were found to have the phenic and spelling equivalent to the Dâd sound in the letters Dâl and Zây. The duality of the pronunication of the Dâd sound between the Dâl and Zây and the resulting ambiguity in spelling are the main focuse of the current study.

 

 

Dâd sesi, Arapçaya özgü bir sestir. Bu nedenle Arapçaya dâd dili denilmiştir. Sözcüklerde daima asli ses olarak bulunan dâd sesinin mahreci meselesi en eski Arapça gramer çalışmalarından günümüze kadar tartışılmış bir mevzudur. Dâd sesi, eskiden beri Araplar ve Arapçayı ibadet dili olarak kullanan diğer milletlere mensup müslümanlar arasında kısmen farklı şekillerde telaffuz edilmiştir. Dâd sesinin öne çıkan özelliklerinden biri telaffuzunu kaynaklarda belirtilen şekliyle yapmada oldukça zorluk çekilmesidir. Bahsi geçen sesle ilgili karışıklık ve ihtilâfın öbür yönü onun seslendirilmesinden kaynaklanmaktadır. Dâd sesinin Osmanlı Türkçesindeki alıntı sözcüklerdeki telaffuzunu ve bu telaffuzların Türkiye Türkçesi yazı sistemiyle kaleme alınan sözlüklerdeki yazımını konu edinen bu makalede, öncelikle dâd sesinin Arapçadaki mahreci açısından bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Daha sonra Osmanlı Türkçesi-Türkiye Türkçesine ilişkin sözcüklerin en kapsamlı iki örneği seçilerek dâd sesini içeren alıntı sözcükler örneklem alanında tespit edilmiştir. Bu sözlükler, İsmail Parlatır’ın Osmanlı Türkçesi Sözlüğü ile Ferit Devellioğlu’nun Osmanlıca-Türkçe Lȗgat adlı eseridir. Çalışmanın örneklem alanında her iki sözlükte dâd sesini içeren kelimelerin yazı çevrimi d ve z harfleri ile yapıldığı görülmektedir. Makalenin asıl konusu dâd sesinin yazımında görülen bu ikiliktir. Sözlüklerde bazı kelimler d ile bazıları ise z ile yazılırken bazı sözcüklerin ise yazımında hem d  hem de z harfli yazı çevrimlerinde bir kararsızlık durumu ile karşılaşılmıştır.

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Published

2026-06-02

Issue

Section

Department of Turkish Language

How to Cite

The Appearances of Dâd Letter in Borrowed and Foreign Arabic Words in Ottoman-Turkish Dictionaries: Arapça Alıntı Sözcüklerdeki Dâd (ض) Sesinin Osmanlı Türkçesi-Türkiye Türkçesi Sözlüklerdeki Görünümleri. (2026). Journal of the College of Languages (JCL), 54, 285-307. https://doi.org/10.36586/jcl.2.2026.0.54.0285

Publication Dates

Received

2026-01-14

Accepted

2026-04-12

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